An excavator is one of the most important construction machinery in engineering construction. Before starting the excavator, you should first check whether the lighting, signal and alarm devices are complete and effective, whether the fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, etc. used meet the regulations, whether there are cracks or leaks in the pipelines of each system, and whether the tightness of the track or the tire pressure meets the requirements. Only start it after confirming that everything is normal. So what are the practical skills for operating an excavator?
1. Effective excavation method: When the bucket cylinder and connecting rod, and the arm cylinder and the arm are 90 degrees to each other, the excavation force is the largest; when the bucket teeth and the ground are at a 30-degree angle, the excavation force is the best, that is, the soil cutting resistance is the smallest; when using the arm to excavate, the arm angle should be between 45 degrees in front and 30 degrees in the back. Using the boom and bucket at the same time can improve the excavation efficiency.
2.Excavating rocks: Using a bucket to excavate rocks will cause great damage to the machine and should be avoided as much as possible; when excavation is necessary, the position of the machine body should be adjusted according to the direction of the rock cracks so that the bucket can be shoveled in smoothly for excavation; insert the bucket teeth into the rock cracks and use the excavation force of the arm and bucket to excavate (be careful of the teeth slipping); unbroken rocks should be crushed before using the bucket to excavate.
3.Slope leveling operation: When performing surface finishing, the machine should be placed flat on the ground to prevent the machine body from shaking. It is important to grasp the coordination of the action of the boom and the dipper rod and control the speed of both for surface finishing.
4.Loading operation: The machine body should be in a horizontal and stable position, otherwise it is difficult to accurately control the rotation unloading, thereby extending the operation cycle time; the machine body and the truck should be kept at an appropriate distance to prevent the tail of the machine body from colliding with the truck when making a 180-degree rotation; try to perform left rotation loading, which will provide a wide field of vision and high operating efficiency. At the same time, the rotation angle should be correctly grasped to reduce the time used for rotation; the truck position is lower than the excavator to shorten the boom lifting time and have a good line of sight; first load sand and gravel, and then place large stones, which can reduce the impact on the car body.
5.Work in soft areas or water: When working in soft soil areas, you should understand the degree of soil looseness and pay attention to limiting the digging range of the bucket to prevent accidents such as landslides and collapses and deep sinking of the vehicle body. When working in water, attention should be paid to the allowable water depth range of the vehicle body (the water surface should be below the center of the sprocket); if the water level is high, the inside of the slewing bearing will be poorly lubricated due to the entry of water, the engine fan blades will be damaged by water, and the electrical circuit components will be short-circuited or open-circuited due to the intrusion of water.
6.Hoisting operation: When using a used hydraulic excavator for hoisting operations, the surrounding conditions of the hoisting site should be confirmed, high-strength hooks and wire ropes should be used, and special hoisting devices should be used as much as possible during hoisting; the operation mode should be selected in micro-operation mode, and the movement should be slow and balanced; the length of the hoisting rope should be appropriate, and too long will cause the hoisted object to swing more and be difficult to control accurately; the bucket position should be adjusted correctly to prevent the wire rope from slipping; construction personnel should try not to get close to the hoisted object to prevent danger due to improper operation.
7. Stable operation method: During operation, the stability of the machine can not only improve work efficiency and extend the life of the machine, but also ensure safe operation (put the machine on a relatively flat ground); the driving sprocket is more stable at the rear side than at the front side, and can prevent the final drive from being hit by external forces; the wheelbase of the crawler on the ground is always larger than the wheelbase, so forward working stability is good, and lateral operation should be avoided as much as possible; the digging point should be kept close to the machine to improve stability and excavator; if the digging point is far away from the machine, the center of gravity will move forward, and the operation will be unstable; lateral excavation is less stable than forward excavation. If the digging point is far away from the center of the machine, the machine will be more unstable, so the digging point should be kept at a suitable distance from the center of the machine to make the operation balanced and efficient.